There is general international agreement that the importance of vivax malaria has been neglected, and there is a need for new treatment approaches in an effort to progress towards control and elimination in Latin America. This open label randomized clinical trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of three treatment regimens using either one of two fixed dose artemisinin-based combinations or chloroquine in combination with a short course of primaquine (7-9 days: total dose 3-4.2 mg/kg) in Brazil. The primary objective was establishing whether cure rates above 90% could be achieved in each arm.