This article summarizes the cognitive, behavioral, and emotional factors that contribute to the onset and maintenance of orofacial pain. These orofacial pain conditions illustrate the dynamic interplay of the mind and body and the importance of multimodal treatment approaches addressing simultaneously the cognitive, behavioral, and physiologic dimensions of facial pain. Cognitive and behavioral treatments of temporomandibular disorders based on the outcomes of randomized controlled trials are also discussed with an emphasis on using a biopsychosocial perspective when working with the persons who have temporomandibular disorders.