Previous evidence has shown that rats exposed to a place preference apparatus prefer the novel compartment over the familiar. While this suggests that novelty is rewarding, an alternative interpretation is that rats avoid the familiar compartment because it is associated with some stress-related aversive event induced during the inescapable exposure sessions. To test this latter possibility, the benzodiazepine anxiolytic diazepam (0.1, 0.3, 1.0, 3.0 mg/kg) and the nonbenzodiazepine anxiolytic gepirone (0.1, 0.3, 1.0 mg/kg) were examined for their ability to alter novelty-induced place preference in rats. As expected, control animals showed a novelty-induced place preference. On the test day, this preference was disrupted by diazepam, but only at a dose (3 mg/kg) that also decreased locomotor activity. Gepirone failed to alter the preference behavior, even at a dose (1 mg/kg) that decreased locomotor behavior. In another experiment, rats spent more time in a familiar compartment that contained a novel object than in a familiar compartment with no object. These experiments indicate that preference for the novel compartment may reflect the rewarding effect of novelty rather than aversion to the familiar.