ENIGMA and global neuroscience: A decade of large-scale studies of the brain in health and disease across more than 40 countries.

Author	: PM Thompson N Jahanshad CRK Ching LE Salminen SI Thomopoulos J Bright BT Baune S Bertolín J Bralten WB Bruin R Bülow J Chen Y Chye U Dannlowski CGF de Kovel G Donohoe LT Eyler SV Faraone P Favre CA Filippi T Frodl D Garijo Y Gil HJ Grabe KL Grasby T Hajek LKM Han SN Hatton K Hilbert TC Ho L Holleran G Homuth N Hosten J Houenou I Ivanov T Jia S Kelly M Klein JS Kwon MA Laansma J Leerssen U Lueken A Nunes JO Neill N Opel F Piras F Piras MC Postema E Pozzi N Shatokhina C Soriano-Mas G Spalletta D Sun A Teumer AK Tilot L Tozzi C van der Merwe EJW Van Someren GA van Wingen H Völzke E Walton L Wang AM Winkler K Wittfeld MJ Wright JY Yun G Zhang Y Zhang-James BM Adhikari I Agartz M Aghajani A Aleman RR Althoff A Altmann OA Andreassen DA Baron BL Bartnik-Olson Marie Bas-Hoogendam AR Baskin-Sommers CE Bearden LA Berner PSW Boedhoe RM Brouwer JK Buitelaar K Caeyenberghs CAM Cecil RA Cohen JH Cole PJ Conrod SA De Brito SMC de Zwarte EL Dennis S Desrivieres D Dima S Ehrlich C Esopenko G Fairchild SE Fisher JP Fouche C Francks S Frangou B Franke HP Garavan DC Glahn NA Groenewold TP Gurholt BA Gutman T Hahn IH Harding D Hernaus DP Hibar FG Hillary M Hoogman HE Pol M Jalbrzikowski GA Karkashadze ET Klapwijk RC Knickmeyer P Kochunov IK Koerte XZ Kong SL Liew AP Lin MW Logue E Luders F Macciardi S Mackey AR Mayer CR McDonald AB McMahon SE Medland G Modinos RA Morey SC Mueller P Mukherjee L Namazova-Baranova TM Nir A Olsen P Paschou DS Pine F Pizzagalli ME Rentería JD Rohrer PG Sämann L Schmaal G Schumann MS Shiroishi SM Sisodiya DJA Smit IE Sønderby DJ Stein JL Stein M Tahmasian DF Tate JA Turner OA van den Heuvel NJA van der Wee YD van der Werf TGM van Erp NEM van Haren D van Rooij LS van Velzen IM Veer DJ Veltman JE Villalon-Reina H Walter CD Whelan EA Wilde M Zarei Zelman V Consortium. ENIGMA
Abstract	: This review summarizes the last decade of work by the ENIGMA (Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta Analysis) Consortium, a global alliance of over 1400 scientists across 43 countries, studying the human brain in health and disease. Building on large-scale genetic studies that discovered the first robustly replicated genetic loci associated with brain metrics, ENIGMA has diversified into over 50 working groups (WGs), pooling worldwide data and expertise to answer fundamental questions in neuroscience, psychiatry, neurology, and genetics. Most ENIGMA WGs focus on specific psychiatric and neurological conditions, other WGs study normal variation due to sex and gender differences, or development and aging; still other WGs develop methodological pipelines and tools to facilitate harmonized analyses of "big data" (i.e., genetic and epigenetic data, multimodal MRI, and electroencephalography data). These international efforts have yielded the largest neuroimaging studies to date in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, substance use disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorders, epilepsy, and 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. More recent ENIGMA WGs have formed to study anxiety disorders, suicidal thoughts and behavior, sleep and insomnia, eating disorders, irritability, brain injury, antisocial personality and conduct disorder, and dissociative identity disorder. Here, we summarize the first decade of ENIGMA's activities and ongoing projects, and describe the successes and challenges encountered along the way. We highlight the advantages of collaborative large-scale coordinated data analyses for testing reproducibility and robustness of findings, offering the opportunity to identify brain systems involved in clinical syndromes across diverse samples and associated genetic, environmental, demographic, cognitive, and psychosocial factors.
Year of Publication	: 2020
Journal	: Translational psychiatry
Volume	: 10
Issue	: 1
Number of Pages	: 100
Date Published	: 2020
URL	: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-020-0705-1
DOI	: 10.1038/s41398-020-0705-1
Short Title	: Transl Psychiatry
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