Agonist-induced CXCR4 and CB2 Heterodimerization Inhibits Gα13/RhoA-mediated Migration.
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Abstract | :
G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) heterodimerization has emerged as a means by which alternative signaling entities can be created; yet, how receptor heterodimers affect receptor pharmacology remains unknown. Previous observations suggested a biochemical antagonism between GPCRs, CXCR4 and CB2 (CNR2), where agonist-bound CXCR4 and agonist-bound CB2 formed a physiologically non-functional heterodimer on the membrane of cancer cells, inhibiting their metastatic potential in vitro. However, the reduced signaling entities responsible for the observed functional outputs remain elusive. This study now delineates the signaling mechanism whereby heterodimeric association between CXCR4 and CB2, induced by simultaneous agonist treatment, results in decreased CXCR4-mediated cell migration, invasion and adhesion through inhibition of the Gα13/RhoA signaling axis. Activation of CXCR4 by its cognate ligand, SDF1α, stimulates Gα13 (GNA13), and subsequently, the small GTPase RhoA which is required for directional cell migration and the metastatic potential of cancer cell. These studies in prostate cancer cells demonstrate decreased protein expression levels of Gα13 and RhoA upon simultaneous CXCR4/CB2 agonist stimulation. Furthermore, the agonist-induced heterodimer abrogated RhoA-mediated cytoskeletal rearrangement resulting in the attenuation of cell migration and invasion of an endothelial cell barrier. Lastly, a reduction was observed in the expression of integrin α5 (ITGA5) upon heterodimerization, supported by decreased cell adhesion to extracellular matrices in vitro. Taken together, the data identifies a novel pharmacological mechanism for the modulation of tumor cell migration and invasion in the context of metastatic disease. |
Year of Publication | :
2018
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Journal | :
Molecular cancer research : MCR
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Date Published | :
2018
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ISSN Number | :
1541-7786
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URL | :
http://mcr.aacrjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=29330286
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DOI | :
10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-16-0481
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Short Title | :
Mol Cancer Res
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