In this study we investigate the association between selected inflammatory related biomarkers and post transplant hyperglycemia in kidney transplant recipients. This retrospective analysis comprises 852 patients receiving a kidney transplant at the Norwegian national transplant centre between 2007 and 2012, all having a normal oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) before transplantation. A diagnostic OGTT was performed 10 weeks post-transplant to examine the association between inflammation related biomarkers and two-hour plasma glucose (2HPG) by multivariable linear regression models adjusting for BMI, age, graft function, fasting insulin levels, dosage of prednisolone, and concentration of calcineurin inhibitors. Six out of 20 biomarkers were significantly associated with 2HPG in multivariate analyses showing strong associations with soluble tumor necrosis factor type 1 (p=0.027), pentraxin 3 (p=0.019), macrophage migration inhibitor factor (p=0.024), and endothelial protein c receptor (p=0.001). These associated markers reflect several distinct, but also overlapping pathways including activation of tumor necrosis factor, macrophages, and endothelial cells. The multinomial logistic regression model showed a clear association between the inflammatory biomarkers and post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM). The association between a range of inflammation markers and PTDM suggests that these markers may be target for future studies on pathogenesis and perhaps also treatment of PTDM. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.